Microdosing
EFFECT
Microdosing refers to the use of psychoactive substances in doses below the threshold of a perceptible psychoactive effect. Microdosing is most commonly practiced with LSD and psilocybin . However, there are also users who microdose with other substances such as mescaline , DMT , amphetamine , MDMA , or research chemicals . [1]
Microdosing generally involves taking such low doses that no noticeable change in perception occurs when consuming psychoactive substances. [2] Users expect positive effects on their well-being or daily life. However, there is currently no scientifically sound evidence for positive effects of microdosing, and it is assumed to be a placebo effect. [3]
The effects of small doses are more likely to be noticed when someone is tired or sleep-deprived. [4]
dosage
Microdosing is defined as one-tenth to one-twentieth of a typical dose. However, due to the different effects and concentrations of substances, no uniform guidelines can be given. [5] Changes in perception can occur even with very small amounts, such as less than 10 µg of LSD.
RISKS AND SIDE EFFECTS
The long-term risks of microdosing with repeated use are substance-dependent and have not been scientifically studied. [6] In the short term, microdosing of psychoactive substances can lead to anxiety, unpleasant body sensations, and impaired thinking. [7] [8] When psychoactive substances are used over a longer period, the neuronal structure of the brain can be altered. Changes in metabolism have also been observed. [9] Even small doses of psychotropic substances can cause adverse interactions when combined with psychotropic medications. [10]
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Sources
Berger, M. (2019). Microdosing: Low-dose psychedelics in everyday life . Nachtschatten Verlag.
Cavanna, F., Muller, S., de la Fuente, LA, Zamberlan, F., Palmucci, M., Janeckova, L., ... & Tagliazucchi, E. (2022). Microdosing with psilocybin mushrooms: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Translational psychiatry , 12(1), 1-11.
Hutten, NR, Mason, NL, Dolder, PC, & Kuypers, KP (2019). Motives and side-effects of microdosing with psychedelics among users. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology , 22(7), 426-434.
Kolala, R. (2022). The psychedelic renaissance: a review on microdosing, the routine use of low-dose psychedelics as a therapeutic.
Kuypers, KP, Ng, L., Erritzoe, D., Knudsen, GM, Nichols, CD, Nichols, DE, ... & Nutt, D. (2019). Microdosing psychedelics: More questions than answers? An overview and suggestions for future research. Journal of Psychopharmacology , 33(9), 1039-1057.
Ona, G., & Bouso, J.C. (2020). Potential safety, benefits, and influence of the placebo effect in microdosing psychedelic drugs: A systematic review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews , 119, 194-203.
Polito, V., & Liknaitzky, P. (2021). The emerging science of microdosing: A systematic review of research on low dose psychedelics (1955–2021).
Szigeti, B., Kartner, L., Blemings, A., Rosas, F., Feilding, A., Nutt, DJ, ... & Erritzoe, D. (2021). Self-blinding citizen science to explore psychedelic microdosing. Elife, 10 , e62878.
Winstock AR, Maier LJ, Zhuparris A, Davies E, Puljevic C, Kuypers KPC, Ferris JA & Barratt MJ (2021). Global drug survey (GDS) 2021. Key findings report.